Here, for those who don't have it handy, is the 1992 PDB commentary on Z, which shows, I think, how close to the existing mmCIF Z value definition it is: "Confusion over the value to use for Z (number of molecules per cell) arises because of different conceptions of the meaning of 'molecule'. We have adopted the (crystallographic) convention that Z should equal the number of times the same polymeric chain is contained in the cell. In case of different numbers of chains per cell this will be explained in the REMARK section and Z will denote the number of the more populous species per cell." That being said, it would seem the definition of _cell.formula_units_Z would work with the addition of the following: For macromolecular structures, the value of _cell.formula_units_Z is the number of occurances of the entity defined by _entity_poly_seq in the cell. For heterogeneous combinations of polymers for which the populations of distinct polymeric entities with a cell differs, the value for the most populous ones will be used. This is not a critical issue, but it would seem helpful to users of future multidisciplinary data base searches to use the same name for a common concept where possible.